内容导读：Forsometime,someofficialsandmediaofsomecountrieshavewantonlyaccusedChinaof"overcapacity"ofnewenergypr...……
For some time, some officials and media of some countries have wantonly accused China of "overcapacity" of new energy products, paving the way for unilateralism and trade protection policy, the National Development and Reform Commission's official Wechat account posted on May 3. In fact, no matter from the perspective of international division of labor, global supply and demand or market laws, the so-called "overcapacity" of China's new energy products is only a topic trap carefully concocted by some countries, trying to implement trade protection measures on this grounds. The result not only can not benefit itself, but will destroy the stability and smooth flow of the global industrial chain supply chain, damage the world economy and trade growth, and drag down the pace of green transformation of the global economy.
First, it is difficult to argue the so-called "overcapacity" of China's new energy products.
The accusation of "overcapacity" of China's new energy products is neither in line with objective facts nor with economic laws.
First, we should respect the basic law of division of labor and cooperation among international industries. There is a view that the "excess capacity" of China's new energy products is difficult to digest at home and can only be sold to the world at low prices. In fact, countries form comparative advantages in different industrial fields according to factor endowments and development paths, and the exchange of related products through cross-border trade is the reality of international economic division of labor and cooperation. 80 per cent of US high-end chips are exported, the US is the world's largest exporter of liquefied natural gas, and 1/5 of its agricultural products are sold to China, while the US has not been accused of "excess capacity". In terms of the proportion of export, China's new energy products mainly meet domestic demand, and China's new energy vehicle exports account for only 12% of the total output in 2023.Topcryptogames2022.5%.
Second, we should look at the relationship between global supply and demand from the perspective of development. There is a view that the scale of China's new energy product capacity has exceeded the global market demand, and the rest of the world simply cannot absorb this capacity. In fact, according to estimates by the International Energy Agency (IEA), the global demand for new energy vehicles will reach 45 million in 2030, more than three times the global sales in 2023 and nearly five times the output in China in 2023. The global demand for power batteries in 2030 will reach 3500GWh, more than four times that of global shipments in 2023 and five times that of China in 2023. According to the estimation of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), in order to achieve the targets of the Paris Climate Agreement, the cumulative installed capacity of global photovoltaic in 2030 needs to exceed 5400GW, which is nearly 4 times of the cumulative installed capacity in 2023 and about 9 times that of China in 2023. It is obvious that the current global production capacity of new energy products can not meet the future market demand. China's new energy products provide global enterprises and consumers with a green and intelligent production and life experience. it has made great contributions to dealing with global climate change and green low-carbon transformation.
Third, we should look at the development achievements of China's new energy industry objectively. There is a view that the production capacity advantage and price advantage of China's new energy products are the result of large-scale subsidies by the Chinese government. In fact, the advantages of China's new energy products are formed through full market competition and technological iterative innovation under the action of the market mechanism, relying on the huge domestic market and complete industrial system, and are the result of the continuous efforts of Chinese enterprises themselves. At the same time, it should also be noted that supporting the development of the new energy industry and the green transformation of the economy is the unanimous initiative and common practice of the international community, and all countries in the world encourage and support the development of related industries in various ways. Some countries even provide substantial subsidies to the new energy industry through legislation. for example, the US Infrastructure and Employment Act allocates US $7.5 billion to support the construction of car charging facilities, and the inflation reduction Act provides a tax credit of up to US $7500 per electric vehicle eventually assembled in North America.
Second, promoting trade protectionism on the grounds of "overcapacity" at the expense of others at the expense of oneself.
History and reality have proved that the wanton promotion of trade protectionism is not only harmful to the world economy and trade growth, but also does more harm than good to the protectionist countries themselves.
First, it is not conducive to world trade growth and economic recovery. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) forecasts that the world economy will grow by 3.2 per cent this year, well below the average of 3.8 per cent in 2000-2019, while the World Trade Organisation (WTO) recently lowered its forecast for global trade growth this year from 3.3 per cent to 2.6 per cent. In this context, the politicization and security of economic and trade issues under the pretext of "overcapacity" will not help to solve the problems faced by its own industrial development, but will also further drag down the growth of global trade and the recovery of the world economy. In particular, it will seriously disrupt the stable operation of the global new energy industry chain supply chain, set "obstruction", "blocking point" and "breakpoint" to the world economic cycle, affect the efficiency of economic operation, and even induce all kinds of potential risks.
The second is to drag down the global response to climate change and promote the process of green and low-carbon transformation. In recent years, while meeting domestic demand and promoting the realization of the "double carbon" goal, China's new energy products have also made positive contributions to the global response to climate change and the realization of green and low-carbon development. In 2023, the new installed capacity of renewable energy in the world reached 510 million kilowatts, of which China contributed more than half. China has carried out cooperation with more than 100 countries and regions on green energy projects to effectively solve the problems of difficult and expensive electricity consumption. Some experts commented that if some countries and enterprises can help other countries and regions accelerate the pace of green transformation at a lower cost,Topcryptogames2022We shouldn't thank them? On the one hand, they keep saying that it is their "lofty mission" to deal with global climate change, and on the other hand, they take protectionist measures on the grounds of "overcapacity" to crack down on the development of other countries' new energy industry. the act of restricting the export of new energy products from other countries is shameful, and it is also a serious damage to global efforts to deal with climate change.
三是推行贸易保护主义会形成反噬，终将搬起石头砸自己的脚。历史反复证明，贸易保护主义损人不利己，没有赢家。1930年，为减少进口、出清国内积压产品，美国胡佛政府出台斯穆特—霍利关税法，大幅提高超过2万种外国商品进口关税，这一举措遭到贸易伙伴国纷纷反制，导致美国对外出口急剧下降。穆迪公司报告显示，美国对中国产品大幅加征关税，而美国进口商承担了自中国进口产品加征关税成本的90%以上。彭博社也指出，过去10年美国采取的钢铁保护主义措施，并未阻止美金属制造业就业岗位减少，反而增加了其他领域成本，降低了行业竞争力。现在，有的国家又试图以“产能过剩”为名对别国新能源产业构建贸易壁垒，也很可能再次伤害其国内企业利益和民众福祉。保护主义导致全球要素资源和产品供需错配，无疑将进一步增加有关国家国内物价压力、延缓降通胀进程。
三、坚决反对以“产能过剩”为名搞保护主义
当今时代，经济全球化是大势潮流，各国是相互依存、彼此融合的利益共同体，开放包容、合作共赢是唯一正确的选择。
一方面，各国应携手践行真正的多边主义。坚持从经济规律出发，客观、辩证看待产能问题，积极探讨和加强合作。充分尊重国际产业分工的客观规律，坚定不移推进贸易和投资自由化便利化，不断提升全球产业链供应链的稳定性。坚定维护以WTO为核心的多边贸易体制，推动经济全球化朝着更加开放、包容、普惠、平衡、共赢的方向发展。反对将经贸问题泛政治化泛安全化，坚持拆墙而不筑墙、开放而不隔绝、融合而不脱钩，推动构建开放型世界经济。
另一方面，中国将坚定不移推进高水平对外开放。改革开放40多年来，中国在开放中发展了自己、惠及了世界。现在中国已经是140多个国家和地区的主要贸易伙伴，关税总水平已降至7.3%，接近世贸组织发达成员水平。不管世界形势如何变化，中国都将坚持对外开放的基本国策，开放的大门只会越开越大。中国将持续打造市场化、法治化、国际化一流营商环境，进一步深化重点领域和关键环节改革，稳步推进制度型开放，与各国在相互尊重的基础上，照顾彼此核心利益，坚持对话协商，做大共同利益的“蛋糕”，不断以高水平的开放链接世界。
